Vitaminas B2

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Vitaminas B2


Vitaminas B2 (Riboflavinas, vitaminas G; E101)
–- lengvai įsisavinamas, vandenyje tirpstantis B grupės vitaminas, būtinas aminorūgščių ir baltymų apykaitai bei gamybai. Jo organizme kaupiama labai maži kiekiai, todel jo atsargos turi būti papildytos kasdien.
 
Funkcijos
Kaip ir kiti B grupės vitaminai, vitaminas B2 svarbus medžiagų apykaitai organizme. Dalyvaujant riboflavinui iš angliavandenių, riebalų ir baltymų gaunama energija. Vitaminas B2 svarbus raudonųjų kraujo ląstelių susidarymui ir deguonies apykaitai jose, kaulų čiulpų funkcijai, antikūnų susidarymui,  jis būtinas normaliam organizmo augimui ir dauginimuisi.
Vitaminas B2 būtinas norint išlaikyti sveiką odą, nagus, plaukus. Reikalingas normaliai skydliaukės veiklai, imunitetui. Vitaminas B2 palaiko normalias odos ir gleivinių funkcijas, veikia riebalų pasisavinimą.
Vitaminas B2 padeda gydyti migreninius galvos skausmus, reumatoidinį artritą, kai kurias odos ligas (rausvieji spuogai, dermatitas, egzema), yra svarbus geram regėjimui ir kataraktos prevencijai.  Riboflavinas būtinas normaliam žaizdų gijimui. Vitaminas B2 reikalingas kitų vitaminų (B6, folio rūgšties) apykaitai. Gydant anemiją, geležies preparatuose esantis vitaminas B2 didina jų efektyvumą.
 
Poreikis
Dienos norma vyrams – apie 1,7 mg, moterims – 1,4 mg. Nedidelis vitamino kiekis gaminamas žarnyne (sintezuoja bakterijos). Daugiau vitamino reikia nėštumo metu, maitinančioms motinoms, vartojant kontraceptinius preparatus.
 
Pagrindiniai šaltiniai
Natūralūs vitamino B2 šaltiniai: mėsa, kepenys, migdolai, grikiai, kviečiai, lapinės daržovės, pienas, sūris, žuvis, kiaušiniai, sojos pupelės. Vitaminą B2 sintetina ir žarnyno mikroorganizmai. Riboflavinas atsparus kaitinimui, tačiau verdant maistą jis lieka vandenyje. Vitaminą B2 suardo saulės šviesa. Vitaminą sintetina bakterijos, mielės, augalai.
 
Trūkumo simptomai
Esant vitamino B2 trūkumui pasireiškia greitas nuovargis, energijos stoka, neveiklumas, padidėjęs nervingumas, akių sausumas ir jautrumas, niežėjimo ar deginimo pojūtis akyse, odos, burnos gleivinės, akių junginės uždegimas, liežuvio ir gerklės paraudimas ir perštėjimas, įtrūkimai lūpų ir akių kampučiuose, šiurkšti riebi oda, riebūs plaukai, lūžinėjantys nagai, priešlaikinės raukšlės ant veido ir rankų.
 
Pertekliaus simptomai
Vitamono B2 perteklius pasitaiko ypač retai, kadangi organizme jis nėra kaupiamas, nepanaudotas kiekis iš kūno pašalinamas su šlapimu. Pavartojus labai didelę dozę vitamino B2 gali pasireikšti odos niežėjimas, padidėjęs jautrumas šviesai.
 
Savybės
Chemiškai grynas riboflavinas yra oranžiniai milteliai, vartojami kaip maistinis dažiklis.
Vitaminas kaupiasi smegenyse, kepenyse, inkstuose, širdyje, bet jo atsargų nesusidaro, pertelkius pašalinamas su šlapimu.

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